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The following publications and presentations were authored, or co-authored, by Bob Pitt and reflect the range of research that was used in preparing and modifying WinSLAMM and WinDETPOND. Many of the major research reports are readily available from the EPA web sites shown below. However, due to copyright restrictions, the books, chapters, papers, and presentations cannot be presented here, but most should be available from the publishers themselves.

Internet Sources of Information for Research Publications:

EPA ORD’s Urban Watershed Management Branch Recent Publications Site:

http://www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/news/main.htm

Many of the research reports in the following list were prepared for the EPA’s Urban Watershed Management Branch (previously named the Storm and Combined Sewer Section). Their web site, referenced above, contains several recent reports from the following list that have not yet been archived by the larger ORD Clariton site.

EPA’s Clarit Archive Site:

http://www.epa.gov/clariton/clhtml/pubtitle.html

If the EPA report number is available, you can usually locate the report on-line at this site which contains more than 7,000 ORD reports. It is also possible to search for a report by subject, author, or key words.

International Internet based courses on Stormwater Modeling and Stormwater Management: http://www.eos.uoguelph.ca/webfiles/james/homepage/Teaching/661/wj661HomePage.html

Last year, Bob, along with Bill James, Neil Armitage, and Manfred Ostrowski, prepared and taught two internet-based courses on stormwater issues. The site referenced above, hosted by Bill James, includes much information from that course. WinSLAMM and WinDETPOND were used in the course and much explanatory information for these models, including their development and use, are included at this site. In addition, the students taking the courses developed their own web sites where they presented their case studies using the models. Some of those interesting web sites may still be active and are referenced from this site.

References Describing Various Elements of the WinSLAMM Urban Stormwater Model

Basic Model Descriptions. 1

Urban Water System Design. 2

Calibration Data used in WinSLAMM... 2

Urban Hydrology and Source Contributions of Pollutants. 4

Urban Hydrology. 4

Sources of Stormwater Pollutants and Stormwater Treatability. 4

Infiltration, Soil Amendments, Compacted Soil, and Groundwater Impacts. 5

Movement of Solids in Sewerage. 7

Control Practices in WinSLAMM... 7

Swales and Sediment Transport in Grass Filters. 7

Catchbasins and Inlet Devices. 7

Stormwater Filtration and Critical Source Area Controls. 8

Street Cleaning. 10

Pollution Prevention Stormwater Controls. 11

Detention Ponds. 11

Engineering Professional Development Courses and Workshops Taught 11

The following list contains references (published journal articles and conference proceedings, book chapters, and research reports) and presentations describing the Source Loading and Management Model (WinSLAMM) and most of its features and components. These references were authored or co-authored by Bob Pitt or John Voorhees and do not include additional references that describe many of the applications of WinSLAMM throughout the US.

Basic Model Descriptions

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. “SLAMM, the Source Loading and Management Model.” In: Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed (Edited by Richard Field and Daniel Sullivan). CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 103 – 139. 2002.

Pitt, R. “Unique Features of the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM).” In: Advances in Modeling the Management of Stormwater Impacts, Volume 6. (Edited by W. James). Computational Hydraulics International, Guelph, Ontario and Lewis Publishers/CRC Press. pp. 13 – 37. 1997.

Pitt, R. “The Incorporation of Urban Runoff Controls in the Wisconsin Priority Watershed Program.” In: Advanced Topics in Urban Runoff Research, (Edited by B. Urbonas and L.A. Roesner). Engineering Foundation and ASCE, New York. pp. 290-313. 1986.

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. “The use of WinSLAMM to evaluate the benefits of low impact development.” Low Impact Development Conference: Putting the LID on SWM. College Park, MD. Sept. 21-23, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. “Source loading and management model (SLAMM).” Seminar Publication: National Conference on Urban Runoff Management: Enhancing Urban Watershed Management at the Local, County, and State Levels. March 30 – April 2, 1993. Center for Environmental Research Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/625/R-95/003. Cincinnati. Ohio. pp. 225-243. April 1995.

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. Characterization and Control of Storm Water Pollution; Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM): Volume I: Model Development and Summary. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, March 1989.

Pitt, R. “General Urban Runoff Model for Water Quality Investigations.” ASCE 1994 Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Buffalo, New York, August 1994.

Pitt, R. “SLAMM Stormwater Quality Model.” 1997 Alabama’s Water Environment Association and Air & Waste Management Association Alabama Chapter Joint Conference. Orange Beach, Alabama, April 1997.

Pitt, R. “Unique Features of the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM).” CHI’s Stormwater & Water Quality Management Modeling Conference. Toronto, Ontario. Feb. 1997.

Pitt, R. and J. Voohees. “The Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM).” National Conference on Urban Runoff Management. U.S. EPA, Chicago, Ill. March 1993 (invited).

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. “Critical Source Area Controls in the SLAMM Water Quality Model.” A National Symposium: Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Watershed Developments on Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Quality. U.S. EPA and Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission. Chicago, Illinois, March 1996 (invited).

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. SLAMM: Volume II: Model Documentation; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, March 1989.

Myllyoja, R., H. Baroudi, R. Pitt, and J. Paluzzi. “Use of SLAMM in evaluating best management practices.” In: Models and Applications to Urban Water Systems, Vol. 9 (edited by W. James). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, 2001., pp. 131-141.

Pitt, R. “Modeling stormwater controls in complex drainages.” Invited Feature Speaker. Designing Sites for Water Quality: Active Construction & Post-Construction BMPs. Michigan Water Environment Association. Battle Creek, MI. Dec 2 – 3, 2003.

Pitt, R. and J. McLean. “Stormwater, Baseflow, and Snowmelt Pollutant Contributions from an Industrial Area.” 65th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 1992.

Pitt, R. and J. McLean. Humber River Pilot Watershed Project, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Canada. 483 pgs. June 1986.

Urban Water System Design

Heaney, J.P., R. Pitt, and R. Field. Innovative Urban Wet-Weather Flow Management Systems. ISBN 1-56676-914-0. Technomics, Lancaster, PA. June 2000. 535 pages.

Heaney, J.P., L. Wright, D. Sample, R. Pitt, R. Field, and C-Y. Fan. “Innovative Wet-Weather Flow Collection/Control Systems for Newly Urbanizing Areas in the 21^st Century.” Stormwater Management – Creating Sustainable Urban Water Resources for the 21^st Century. (Edited by A.C. Rowney, P. Stahre, and L.A. Roesner). Engineering Foundation and ASCE. New York. 1998.

Heaney, J.P., L. Wright, D. Sample, R. Pitt, R. Field, and C-Y. Fan. “Innovative Stormwater Management as a Subsystem of Total Urban Water Management.” Stormwater Management – Creating Sustainable Urban Water Resources for the 21^st Century. Engineering Foundation Conference. Malmo, Sweden. Sept. 1997.

Nix, S., R. Durrans, R. Pitt, and S. Burian. “Wet Weather Flows in Newly Urbanizing Areas: Initial Thoughts on Designs for the Future.” 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference, The University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology. Athens, Georgia, March 1997.

Pitt, R. “Drainage Design for the Future.” CHI’s Stormwater & Water Quality Management Modeling Conference. Toronto, Ontario. Feb. 1998.

Pitt, R. “Stormwater management for highway projects.” Symposium on the Pollution of Water Sources from Road Run-Off. Tel Aviv University, Israel, Sponsored by The Committee for Public Transportation, the Faculty of Life Sciences, The Institute for Nature Conservation Research, and the Porter School of Environmental Studies at Tel Aviv University. March 19, 2001.

Pitt, R., M. Lilburn, and S. Burian. “Storm Drainage Design for the Future – Summary of Current U.S EPA Research.” ASCE Technical Conference. Gulf Shores, AL. July 1997.

Pitt, R., R. Field, S. Burian, M. Lilburn, C-Y Fan, S.J. Nix, and S.R. Durrans. “Wet Weather Flow Designs for the Future.” ASCE Water Resources Conference. Chicago, IL June 1998 (invited).

Pitt, R., S. Nix, R. Durrans, R. Field, , M. Lilburn and S. Burian. “Current and Future Drainage Design, Results of EPA-Funded Research.” 34^th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference: Applications of Water Use Information. Point Clear, AL. November 1998.

Pitt, R., S. Nix, R. Durrans, R. Field, S. Burian. “Current Storm Drainage Design Practices.” UDM'98: Developments in Urban Drainage Modelling. London. Sept. 21-24, 1998.

Calibration Data used in WinSLAMM

Evaluation of NPDES MS4 Stormwater Monitoring Data, with the Center for Watershed Protection (funded by the EPA Office of Wastewater Management 104(b)3 grant), 2001-2004.

Maestre, A. and R. Pitt. “Observations from the National Stormwater Quality Database.” In: Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling, Monograph 14. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2006.

Maestre, A., R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, and S. Chakraborti. “Stormwater quality descriptions using the three parameter lognormal distribution.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. In: Models and More for Urban Water Systems, Monograph 13. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2005.

Maestre, A., Pitt, R. E., and Derek Williamson. “Nonparametric statistical tests comparing first flush with composite samples from the NPDES Phase 1 municipal stormwater monitoring data.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. In: Models and Applications to Urban Water Systems, Vol. 12 (edited by W. James). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, pp. 317 – 338. 2004.

Pitt, R. E., A. Maestre, R. Morquecho, and Derek Williamson. “Collection and examination of a municipal separate storm sewer system database.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. In: Models and Applications to Urban Water Systems, Vol. 12 (edited by W. James). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, pp. 257 – 294. 2004.

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “A National Stormwater Quality Database, part 1,” invited feature article. Watershed/Wet Weather Technical Bulletin, Water Environment Federation. To be published in 2005.

Pitt, R. and A. Maestre. “A National Stormwater Quality Database, part 2,” invited feature article. Watershed/Wet Weather Technical Bulletin, Water Environment Federation. To be published in 2005.

Pitt, R. and A. Maestre. “The National Stormwater Quality Database.” Stormwater Management Research Symposium. University of Central Florida, Stormwater Management Academy. Orlando, FL, Oct. 12, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “Stormwater characteristics as contained in the nationwide MS4 stormwater phase 1 database.” Water World and Environmental Resources Conference 2004, Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Salt Lake City, Utah. July 27 – August 1, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “Nationwide MS4 stormwater phase 1 database.” Watershed 2004, Water Environment Foundation. Dearborn, MI. July 11 – 14, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R., A. Maestre and R. Morquecho. “Compilation and review of nationwide MS4 stormwater quality data.” 76^th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference. Los Angeles, CA. Oct. 2003 (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R. A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “Evaluation of NPDES Phase 1 Municipal Stormwater Monitoring Data.” Published proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Storm Water: Enhancing Programs at the Local Level. February 17-20, 2003. Sponsored by the US EPA and Chicago Botanic Garden. Chicago. 2003.

Maestre, A. and R. Pitt. “Observations from the National Stormwater Quality Database.” Conference on Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. Computational Hydraulics, Inc., Toronto. February 24 and 25, 2005.

Maestre, A., Pitt, R. E., and R. Morquecho. “Nonparametric statistical tests comparing first flush with composite samples from the NPDES Phase 1 municipal stormwater monitoring data.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto, Canada, Feb. 2003.

Maestre, A., R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, and S. Chakraborti. “Stormwater quality descriptions using the three parameter lognormal distribution.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto. February 19-29, 2004.

Pitt, R. “The National Stormwater Quality Database.” Stormwater Management Symposium. Orlando, FL, Oct. 12, 2004.

Pitt, R. and A. Maestre. “Stormwater quality as described in the National Stormwater Quality Database.” 10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen, Denmark. August 21-26, 2005.

Pitt, R. E., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “Collection and examination of a municipal separate storm sewer system database.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto, Canada, Feb. 2003.

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. “Nationwide MS4 stormwater phase 1 database.” Watershed 2004, Water Environment Foundation. Dearborn, MI. July 11 – 14, 2004.

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and R. Morquecho. Evaluation of NPDES Phase 1 Municipal Stormwater Monitoring Data. Urban Stormwater: Enhancing Programs at the Local Level. Chicago Botanic Garden and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chicago, Illinois. February 17-20, 2003.

Pitt, R., A. Maestre, and the Center for Watershed Protection. The National Stormwater Quality Database. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Wastewater. EPA Cooperative Agreement. Dec. 2004.

Urban Hydrology and Source Contributions of Pollutants

Urban Hydrology

Pitt, R. and S.R. Durrans. Drainage of Water from Pavement Structures (funded by the U.S. Transportation Research Board and Alabama Department of Transportation), 1993-1994.

Pitt, R. “Small storm hydrology and why it is important for the design of stormwater control practices.” In: Advances in Modeling the Management of Stormwater Impacts, Volume 7. (Edited by W. James). Computational Hydraulics International, Guelph, Ontario and Lewis Publishers/CRC Press. 1999.

Pitt, R. “Small Storm Hydrology - The Key in Identifying Sources of Stormwater Pollutants.” 26th Annual Water Resources Conference. University of Minnesota. October 1993 (invited).

Pitt, R. “Small storm hydrology: Its importance for the design of stormwater control.” 5^th New York Stormwater Management Conference and Trade Exposition. Rochester, NY. Feb., 1999.

Pitt, R. “Small Storm Hydrology’s Impact on the Design of Stormwater Control Practices.” 34^th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference: Applications of Water Use Information. Point Clear, AL. November 1998.

Pitt, R. and S.R. Durrans. Drainage of Water from Pavement Structures. Alabama Dept. of Transportation. 253 pgs. September 1995.

Pitt, R. Small Storm Urban Flow and Particulate Washoff Contributions to Outfall Discharges, Ph.D. Dissertation, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, November 1987.

Pitt, R. “Water quality and hydrology interactions.” California Stormwater Quality Task Force, Sacramento, CA. June 2002.

Sources of Stormwater Pollutants and Stormwater Treatability

Pitt, R. Effects, Sources and Treatment of Stormwater Toxicants (funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1992-1997.

Pitt, R. Sources and Treatment of Stormwater Toxicants (funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development), 1989-1992.

Pitt, R., R. Bannerman, S. Clark, and D. Williamson. “Sources of pollutants in urban areas (Part 1) – Older monitoring projects.” In: Models and More for Urban Water Systems, Monograph 13. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2005.

Pitt, R., R. Bannerman, S. Clark, and D. Williamson. “Sources of pollutants in urban areas (Part 2) – Recent sheetflow monitoring results.” In: Models and More for Urban Water Systems, Monograph 13. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2005.

Pitt, R., D. Williamson, and J. Voorhees. “Review of historical street dust and dirt accumulation and washoff data.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. In: Models and More for Urban Water Systems, Monograph 13. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2005.

Pitt, R. “The Control of Toxicants at Critical Source Areas.” In: Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems. (Edited by L.A. Roesner). Engineering Foundation and ASCE. New York. pp. 70-92. 1997.

Morquecho, R. and R. Pitt. “Chemical forms and effects of heavy metals in stormwater.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005. (conference CD-ROM).

Shergill, S. and R. Pitt. “Quantification of Escherichia coli and enterococci levels in wet weather and dry weather flows.” 77^th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference. New Orleans, LA. Oct 4 – 7, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R., R. Field, M. Lalor, and M. Brown. “Urban Stormwater Toxic Pollutants: Assessment, Sources and Treatability.” Water Environment Research. Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 260-275. May/June 1995. Discussion and closure in Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 953-955. July/August 1996.

Pitt, R., M. Lalor, R. Field, and M. Brown. “The Investigation of Source Area Controls for the Treatment of Urban Stormwater Toxicants.” International Association on Water Quality. Water Science and Technology. Vol. 28, no. 3-5, pp. 271-282. September/October 1993.

Barron, P. and R. Pitt. “Characterization of PAHs in Urban Runoff Source Area Sheetflows.” 63rd Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C., October 1990.

Barron, P. and R. Pitt. “Sources and Reduction of Toxicants in Urban Runoff.” 62nd Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, San Francisco, CA, October 1989.

Morquecho, R. and R. Pitt. “Chemical forms and effects of heavy metals in stormwater.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005.

Morquecho, R. and R. Pitt. “Stormwater heavy metal particulate associations.” 76^th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference. Los Angeles, CA. Oct 11 – 15, 2003.

Pitt, R. “Urban and Industrial Stormwater Runoff Toxicity.” Ninth International Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management, North American Lake Management Society, Austin, Texas, November 1989.

Pitt, R. and G. Amy. Toxic Materials Analyses of Street Surface Contaminants, EPA-R2-73-283, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 134 pgs. 1973.

Pitt, R. and M. Bozeman. Sources of Urban Runoff Pollution and Its Effects on an Urban Creek, EPA-600/S2-82-090, PB 83-111-021. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 142 pgs. 1982.

Pitt, R. and R. Field. “The Treatability of Urban Runoff Toxicants.” International Conference on Integrated Stormwater Management, Singapore, July 1991 (invited).

Pitt, R. and R. Field. “The Treatability of Urban Stormwater Toxicants.” International Conference on Urban Drainage and New Technologies, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, June 1991 (invited).

Pitt, R. Urban Bacteria Sources and Control in the Lower Rideau River Watershed, Ottawa, Ontario, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, ISBN 0-7743-8487-5. 165 pgs. 1983.

Pitt, R., A. Ayyoubi, and R. Field. “The Treatability of Urban Stormwater Toxicants.” First International Conference on Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution. International Association on Water Quality. Chicago. Ill. September 1993 (invited).

Pitt, R., A. Ayyoubi, and R. Field. “The Treatability of Urban Stormwater Toxicants.” 17th Annual Hazardous Waste Research Symposium: Remedial Action, Treatment, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1991.

Pitt, R., D. Williamson, and J. Voorhees. “Review of historical street dust and dirt accumulation and washoff data.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto. February 19-29, 2004.

Pitt, R., D. Williamson, and R. Bannerman. “Sources of pollutants in urban areas.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto. February 19-29, 2004.

Pitt, R., P. Barron, and R, Field. “Hazardous and Toxic Wastes Associated with Urban Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflows.” 16th Annual Hazardous Waste Research Symposium: Remedial Action, Treatment, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1990.

Pitt, R., P. Barron, and R. Field. “Sources and Reduction of Toxicants in Storm Induced Discharges.” International Symposium - Urban Planning and Stormwater Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 1990 (invited).

Infiltration, Soil Amendments, Compacted Soil, and Groundwater Impacts

Pitt, R., with contributions from S. Clark, R. Field, and K. Parmer. Groundwater Contamination from Stormwater. ISBN 1-57504-015-8. Ann Arbor Press, Inc. Chelsea, Michigan. 1996. 219 pages.

NRC (National Research Council), Groundwater Recharge Committee, National Academy of Science. Ground Water Recharge using Waters of Impaired Quality. ISBN 0-309-05142-8. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1994. 284 pages.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and K. Parmer. Potential Groundwater Contamination from Intentional and Non-Intentional Stormwater Infiltration. ISBN 0-7881-1059-4. Diane Press. Upland, Pennsylvania. 1994. 120 pages.

Pitt, R. E. Shen-En Chen, S. Clark, J. Lantrip, and C.K. Ong. “Infiltration through compacted urban soils and effects on biofiltration design.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. In: Models and Applications to Urban Water Systems, Vol. 11 (edited by W. James). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, pp. 217 – 252. 2003.

Pitt, R. and J. Lantrip. “Infiltration through disturbed urban soils.” In: Advances in Modeling the Management of Stormwater Impacts, Volume 8. (Edited by W. James). Computational Hydraulics International, Guelph, Ontario. 2000. pp. 1 –22.

Parmer, K., R. Pitt, R. Field, and S. Clark. “Stormwater Infiltration Effects on Groundwater.” In: Stormwater NPDES Related Monitoring Needs (Edited by H.C. Torno). Engineering Foundation and ASCE. pp. 617-630. 1995.

Pitt, R., S. Chen, S. Clark, and J. Lantrip. “Soil structure effects associated with urbanization and the benefits of soil amendments.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R. and S. Chen. “Land development effects on soil structure and the use of soil amendments.” Low Impact Development Conference: Putting the LID on SWM. College Park, MD. Sept. 21-23, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R, S. Chen, and S. Clark. “Compacted urban soils effects on infiltration and bioretention stormwater control designs.” Global Solutions for Urban Drainage; 9IUCD. CD-ROM Proceedings of the 9^th International Urban Drainage Conference, edited by E.W. Strecker and W.C. Huber., Sept 8-13, 2002, Portland, OR. Sponsored by the ASCE, Reston, VA, and the International Water Association, London. 2002.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and R. Field. “Groundwater contamination potential from stormwater infiltration practices.” Urban Water. Vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 217-236. September 1999.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and K. Parmer. “Potential Groundwater Contamination from Intentional and Nonintentional Stormwater Infiltration.” Journal of Alabama’s Water Environment Association. Vol. 15, No. 1. pp. 8-11. Summer 1994.

Lantrip, J. and R. Pitt. “Infiltration of stormwater through disturbed urban soils.” 34^th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference: Applications of Water Use Information. Point Clear, AL. November 1998.

Parmer, K., R. Pitt, R. Field, and S. Clark. “Groundwater Impacts from Stormwater Infiltration.” (poster) Engineering Foundation Conference on: Stormwater NPDES Related Needs. Mt. Crested Butte, CO, August 1994.

Pitt, R. C. Shen-En Chen, S. Clark, J. Lantrip, and C.K. Ong. “Infiltration through compacted urban soils and effects on biofiltration design.” Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. Computational Hydraulics, Inc. Toronto, Canada, Feb. 2002.

Pitt, R., and J. Lantrip. “The effects of urbanization on soil infiltration characteristics.” AIH’s Conference on Atmospheric, Surface and Subsurface Hydrology Interactions. Research Triangle Park, NC, November 2000.

Pitt, R., J. Lantrip, and T.P. O’Connor. “Infiltration through disturbed urban soils.” ASCE’s 2000 Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning & Management. Minneapolis, MN. July 2000.

Pitt, R., J. Lantrip, R. Harrison, C. Henry, and D. Hue. Infiltration through Disturbed Urban Soils and Compost-Amended Soil Effects on Runoff Quality and Quantity. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. EPA 600/R-00/016. Cincinnati, Ohio. 231 pgs. December 1999.

Pitt, R., R. Harrison, C.L. Henry, D. Xue, and T. O’Connor. “Enhanced infiltration performance of disturbed urban soils using compost amendments.” Water Environment Federation 72^nd Annual Conference & Exposition. New Orleans. October 1999.

Pitt, R., S. Chen, and S. Clark. “Compacted urban soils effects on infiltration and bioretention stormwater control designs.” 9^th International Conference on Urban Drainage. IAHR, IWA, EWRI, and ASCE. Portland, Oregon, September 8-13, 2002.

Pitt, R., S. Chen, S. Clark, and C.K. Ong. “Urbanization factors affecting infiltration.” American Water Resources Association Summer Specialty Conference: Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions. Keystone, Colorado, July 1-3, 2002.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and K. Parmer. Protection of Groundwater from Intentional and Nonintentional Stormwater Infiltration. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/SR-94/051. PB94-165354AS, Storm and Combined Sewer Program, Cincinnati, Ohio. 187 pgs. May 1994.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and R. Field. “Groundwater contamination potential from stormwater infiltration.” American Water Resources Association Summer Specialty Conference: Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions. Keystone, Colorado, July 1-3, 2002.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and R. Field. “Groundwater Contamination Risk due to Stormwater Infiltration.” 34^th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference: Applications of Water Use Information. Point Clear, AL. November 1998.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and R. Field. “Potential groundwater contamination associated with stormwater infiltration.” AIH’s Conference on Atmospheric, Surface and Subsurface Hydrology Interactions. Research Triangle Park, NC, November 2000.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and R. Field. “Risk of Groundwater Contamination.” (poster presentation). UDM'98: Developments in Urban Drainage Modelling. London. Sept. 21-24, 1998.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, K. Parmer, and R. Field. “Groundwater Contamination from Stormwater Infiltration.” 21st Annual RREL Research Symposium. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/R-95/012. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 222-230. April 1995.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, K. Parmer, and R. Field. “Potential Groundwater Contamination from Stormwater Infiltration.” ASCE Joint Conferences: First International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, International Groundwater Management Symposium, Watershed Management Symposium, and Texas Water ’95. San Antonio. Texas. August 1995.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, K. Parmer, and R. Field. “Potential Groundwater Contamination from Stormwater Infiltration.” 67th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Chicago, IL. October 1994.

Movement of Solids in Sewerage

Ashley, R., M. Verbanck, J-L Bertrand-Krajewski, T. Hvitved-Jacobsen, C. Nalluri, G. Perrusquia, R. Pitt, E. Ristenpart, and A. Saul. “Solids in Sewers – The State of the Art.” Proceedings of the 7^th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage. Hannover, Germany. (edited by F. Sieker and H-R. Verworn). pp. 1771 - 1776. IAHR/IAWQ. London. 1996.

Ashley, R., M. Verbanck, J-L Bertrand-Krajewski, T. Hvitved-Jacobsen, C. Nalluri, G. Perrusquia, R. Pitt, E. Ristenpart, and A. Saul. “Solids in Sewers - the State of the Art.” (poster). Seventh International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage. Hannover, Germany. Sept. 1996.

Control Practices in WinSLAMM

Swales and Sediment Transport in Grass Filters

Pitt, R. Alabama Highway Drainage Conservation Design Practices (funded by the University Transportation Center for Alabama), 2004.

Nara, Y., R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, and J. Kirby. “The use of grass swales as a stormwater control.” In: Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling, Monograph 14. (edited by W. James, K.N. Irvine, E.A. McBean, and R.E. Pitt). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, to be published in 2006.

Kirby, J.T., S.R. Durrans, R. Pitt, and P.D. Johnson. “Hydraulic resistance in grass swales designed for small flow conveyance.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 1, Jan. 2005.

Nara, Y., R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, and J. Kirby. “The use of grass swales as a stormwater control.” Conference on Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling. Computational Hydraulics, Inc., Toronto. February 24 and 25, 2005.

Pitt, R. “Innovative metal control using grass swales and stormwater filters.” 3^rd South Pacific Conference on Stormwater. Auckland Regional Council, New Zealand. May 14-16, 2003.

Catchbasins and Inlet Devices

Pitt, R. Evaluation of Inlet Treatment Device, an EPA SBIR Phase 2 Demonstration Project, with US Infrastructure, Edison, NJ. (funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency), 2004-2005.

Pitt, R. and R. Field. “Catchbasins and inserts for the control of gross solids and conventional stormwater pollutants.” Water World and Environmental Resources Conference 2004, Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Salt Lake City, Utah. July 27 – August 1, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Stormwater Treatment Using Inlet Devices, Filter Media, and Filter Fabrics.” (poster) Engineering Foundation Conference on: Stormwater NPDES Related Needs. Mt. Crested Butte, CO, August 1994.

Pitt. R. and R. Field. “An Evaluation of Storm Drainage Inlet Devices for Stormwater Quality Treatment.” Water Environment Federation 71^st Annual Conference & Exposition, WEFTEC Technology Forum. Orlando, FL. October 1998.

Stormwater Filtration and Critical Source Area Controls

Clark, S.E., R. Pitt, P.D. Johnson, S. Gill, and M. Pratap. “Media filtration to remove solids and associated pollutants from stormwater runoff.” Best Management Practices (BMP) Technology Symposium: Current and Future Directions, American Society of Civil Engineers. To be published Spring 2005.

Pitt, R. and S. Clark. “Emerging stormwater controls for critical source areas.” In: Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed (Edited by Richard Field and Daniel Sullivan). CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 575 – 613. 2002.

Robertson, B., R. Pitt, A. Ayyoubi, and R. Field. “A Multi-Chambered Stormwater Treatment Train.” In: Stormwater NPDES Related Monitoring Needs (Edited by H.C. Torno). Engineering Foundation and ASCE. pp. 631-640. 1995.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Stormwater Treatment: Inlet Devices and Filtration.” In: Stormwater NPDES Related Monitoring Needs (Edited by H.C. Torno). Engineering Foundation and ASCE. pp. 641-650. 1995.

Pitt, R. “Source Waters and their Treatment.” In: Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality (Committee on Groundwater Recharge). National Research Council, National Academy of Science, National Academy Press. Washington, D.C., pp. 35-96. 1994.

Pitt, R., A. Ayyoubi, R. Field and M. O’Shea. “The Treatability of Urban Runoff Toxicants.” In: International Perspectives on Integrated Stormwater Management (Edited by R. Field, M. O’Shea, and K.K. Chin). Lewis Publishers, pp. 121-148. 1992.

Pitt, R. and R. Field. “The Treatability of Urban Stormwater Toxicants.” In: New Technologies in Urban Drainage, Elsevier Applied Science. London. 1991.

Pratap, M., U. Khambhammettu, S. Clark, and R. Pitt. “Stormwater treatment using upflow filters.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005. (conference CD-ROM).

Pratap, M., S. Clark, R. Pitt, and P. Johnson. “WERF: Evaluation of upflow filtration for stormwater treatment at critical source areas.” 77^th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference. New Orleans, LA. Oct 4 – 7, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pratap, M.; Clark, S.E.; Pitt, R. “Upflow filters for stormwater treatment at critical source areas: I. Optimization.” Submitted to Water Environment Research, August 2004.

Pratap, M.; Clark, S.E.; Pitt, R. “Upflow filters for stormwater treatment at critical source areas: II. Media comparison.” Submitted to Water Environment Research, August 2004.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, P.D. Johnson, R. Morquecho, S. Gill, and M. Pratap. “High level treatment of stormwater heavy metals.” Water World and Environmental Resources Conference 2004, Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Salt Lake City, Utah. July 27 – August 1, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R., S. Clark, P.D. Johnson, R. Morquecho, and D. Williamson. “Treatability of stormwater heavy metals; or breaking the irreducible concentration barrier.” Watershed 2004, Water Environment Foundation. Dearborn, MI. July 11 – 14, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Johnson, P.D., S. Clark, R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, M. Urrutia, S. Gill, and J. Kirby. “Metals removal technologies for stormwater.” Published proceedings of the 9^th Industrial Wastes Technical Conference. Austin, TX. Water Environment Foundation. April 2003.

Pitt, R. “Stormwater treatment at critical source areas using the multi-chambered treatment train (MCTT).” The 2002 Borchardt Conference, A Seminar on Advancements in Water and Wastewater. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Feb. 2002.

Clark, S., P. Brown, and R. Pitt. “Wastewater treatment using low-cost adsorbents and waste materials.”2000 WEF and Purdue University Industrial Wastes Technical Conference CD-ROM. St. Louis, MO. May 2000.

Clark, S. and R. Pitt. Stormwater Treatment at Critical Areas, Vol. 3: Evaluation of Filtration Media for Stormwater Treatment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. EPA/600/R-00/016, Cincinnati, Ohio. 442 pgs. October 1999.

Clark, S., J. Easton, R. Pitt. “Breakthrough Tests of Stormwater Filtration Media.” 1997 Alabama’s Water Environment Association and Air & Waste Management Association Alabama Chapter Joint Conference. Orange Beach, Alabama, April 1997.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and A. Balakrishnan. “Stormwater filters: Upflow vs. downflow.” (poster). Engineering Foundation and the American Society of Civil Engineers Conference on Information & Monitoring Needs for Evaluating the Mitigating Effects of BMPs. Snowmass, CO, August 2001.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and P. Brown. “Effect of anaerobiosis on filter media pollutant retention.” (poster). Engineering Foundation and the American Society of Civil Engineers Conference on Information & Monitoring Needs for Evaluating the Mitigating Effects of BMPs. Snowmass, CO, August 2001.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and P. Brown. “Stormwater filter performance under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.” (poster). Water Environmental Federation, WEFTEC’01. Atlanta, GA, Oct. 2001.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, J. Easton, O. Mirov, K. Parmer, and R. Field. “Pollutant Removal Capacity of Stormwater Filtration Media – Break through Tests.” (poster) Water Environment Federation 70^th Annual Conference & Exposition. Chicago. October 1997.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, P. Brown, and R. Field. “Stormwater runoff filtration prior to groundwater recharge.” 34^th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference: Applications of Water Use Information. Point Clear, AL. November 1998.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, P. Brown, and R. Field. “Treatment by filtration of stormwater runoff prior to groundwater recharge.” Water Environment Federation 71^st Annual Conference & Exposition. Orlando. October 1998.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, R. Field, P. Brown, and R. Schulze. “Urban Runoff Filtration for Critical Source Areas.” WEF Advances in Urban Wet Weather Wet Weather Pollution Reduction Specialty Conference. Cleveland, OH. June 1998.

Clark, S.E., P. Johnson, R. Pitt, S. Gill, and M. Pratap. “Filtration for metals removal from stormwater.”10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen, Denmark. August 21-26, 2005.

Corsi, S.R., S.R. Greb, R.T. Bannerman, and R.E. Pitt. Evaluation of the Multi-Chambered Treatment Train, a Retrofit Water Quality Management Practice. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 99-270. Middleton, Wisconsin. 24 pgs. 1999.

Johnson, P.D., R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, M. Urrutia, and S. Clark. Metals Removal Technologies for Urban Stormwater. Water Environment Research Foundation. WERF 97-IRM-2. ISBN: 1-94339-682-3. Alexandria, VA. 701 pgs. Oct. 2003.

Johnson, P.D., S. Clark, R. Pitt, S.R. Durrans, M. Urrutia, S. Gill, and J. Kirby. “Metals removal technologies for stormwater.” 9^th Industrial Wastes Technical Conference. Austin, TX. Water Environment Foundation. April 16, 2003.

Pitt, R. “Managing Critical Source Areas of Toxicants at the Watershed Level.” Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems. Engineering Foundation and ASCE. Snowbird, Utah. August 1996 (invited).

Pitt, R. and B. Robertson. “A Multi-Chambered Stormwater Treatment Train for the Treatment of Stormwater.” 21st Annual RREL Research Symposium. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/R-95/012. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 217-221. April 1995.

Pitt, R. and B. Robertson. “Treatment of Stormwater from Critical Source Areas Using a Multi-Chambered Treatment Train (MCTT).” 67th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Chicago, IL. October 1994.

Pitt, R., B. Robertson, and R. Field. “Innovative Multi-Chambered Stormwater Control Device for Critical Source Areas.” WEF Advances in Urban Wet Weather Wet Weather Pollution Reduction Specialty Conference. Cleveland, OH. June 1998.

Pitt, R., B. Robertson, P. Barron, A. Ayyoubi, and S. Clark. Stormwater Treatment at Critical Areas: The Multi-Chambered Treatment Train (MCTT). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wet Weather Flow Management Program, National Risk Management Research Laboratory. EPA/600/R-99/017. Cincinnati, Ohio. 505 pgs. March 1999.

Pitt, R., S. Clark, and P. Brown. “Modeling of particulate removal in mixed media filters using power equation.” Water Environmental Federation, WEFTEC’01. Atlanta, GA, Oct. 2001.

Pitt. R. and S. Clark. “Stormwater treatment at critical source areas: The Multi-Chambered Treatment Train (MCTT) and new upflow filters.” 76^th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference. Los Angeles, CA. Oct 11 – 15, 2003.

Pratap, M., U. Khambhammettu, S. Clark, and R. Pitt. “Stormwater treatment using upflow filters.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005.

Robertson, B., R. Pitt, A. Ayyoubi, and R. Field. “Stormwater Treatment Using a Multi-Chambered Treatment Train.” (poster) Engineering Foundation Conference on: Stormwater NPDES Related Needs. Mt. Crested Butte, CO, August 1994.

Pitt, R., R. Ashley, J-D Baladès, and D. Butler. “Solids control at sources and at inputs to sewerage systems.” In: Solids in Sewers: Characteristics, Effects, and Controls of Sewer Solids and Associated Pollutants. (Edited by Richard Ashley). International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ). London. 2001.

Street Cleaning

Pitt, R.. R. Bannerman, and R. Sutherland. “The role of street cleaning in stormwater management.” Water World and Environmental Resources Conference 2004, Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Salt Lake City, Utah. July 27 – August 1, 2004. (conference CD-ROM).

Pitt, R. “Some Benefits of Street Cleaning as Measured in a Recent Study.” American City and County Magazine, pp. 41-43. April 1980.

Hinkle, G., S. Cordes, J. Brown, E. Kaufmann, M. Manning, and R. Pitt. Research on Equipment Technology Utilized by Local Government: Street Cleaning. National Science Foundation. Grant No. APR 74-20419 A01. 340 pgs. April 1977.

Pitt, R. “The Potential of Street Cleaning in Reducing Nonpoint Pollution,” Urban Stormwater Management Workshop Proceedings, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1978, and Proceedings of the International Symposium on Urban Storm Water Management, University of KY, July 1978.

Pitt, R. and G. Shawley. A Demonstration of Non-Point Source Pollution Management on Castro Valley Creek. Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Planning Division (Nationwide Urban Runoff Program). Washington, D.C. June 1982.

Pitt, R. and P. Bissonnette. Bellevue Urban Runoff Program Summary Report, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Planning Division. PB84 237213. Washington, D.C. 173 pgs. 1984.

Pitt, R. Characterizing and Controlling Urban Runoff through Street and Sewerage Cleaning. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Storm and Combined Sewer Program, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. EPA/600/S2-85/038. PB 85-186500. Cincinnati, Ohio. 467 pgs. June 1985.

Pitt, R. Demonstration of Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Through Improved Street Cleaning Practices, EPA-600/2-79-161, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 270 pgs. 1979.

Pitt, R. Recommended Measures for the Control of Surface Runoff, Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, September 1977.

Sutherland, R. and R. Pitt. Washoe County Urban Stormwater Management Program, Washoe Council of Governments, Reno, NV, August 1982.

Pollution Prevention Stormwater Controls

Pitt, R. and M. Lalor. “The role of pollution prevention in stormwater management.” In: Models and Applications to Urban Water Systems, Vol. 9 (edited by W. James). CHI. Guelph, Ontario, 2001., pp. 1-20.

Clark, S., M.M. Lalor, and R. Pitt. “Wet-weather pollution from commonly-used building materials.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005. (conference CD-ROM).

Clark, S., M. Lalor, R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Investigation of wet-weather pollution contributions from building materials commonly used at industrial sites.” Published proceedings of the 9^th Industrial Wastes Technical Conference. Austin, TX. Water Environment Foundation. April 2003.

Clark, S., M. Lalor, R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Investigation of wet-weather pollution contributions from building materials commonly used at industrial sites.” 9^th Industrial Wastes Technical Conference. Austin, TX. Water Environment Foundation. April 16, 2003.

Clark, S., M.M. Lalor, and R. Pitt. “Wet-weather pollution from commonly-used building materials.” World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. ASCE/EWRI. Anchorage, Alaska. May 2005.

Clark, S., R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Wet-weather pollution prevention by product substitution.” (poster). Engineering Foundation and the American Society of Civil Engineers Conference on Information & Monitoring Needs for Evaluating the Mitigating Effects of BMPs. Snowmass, CO, August 2001.

Clark, S.E., M. Lalor, R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Wet-weather pollution prevention through materials substitution as part of industrial construction.” 8^th Annual Industrial Wastes Technical and Regulatory Conference, Water Environment Federation. Atlantic City, New Jersey, August 11 - 14, 2002.

Clark, S.E., M.M. Lalor, R. Pitt, and R. Field. “Wet-weather pollution from commonly-used building materials.” 10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen, Denmark. August 21-26, 2005.

Pitt, R. and M. Lalor. “The role of pollution prevention in stormwater management.” Conference on stormwater and urban water systems modeling. Computational Hydraulics Institute. Toronto, Ontario. February 2000.

Detention Ponds

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. DETPOND 4: A Water Quality Detention Pond Design Program; Model Documentation and Users Manual. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 1989.

Moffa, P.E., H.M. Goegel, D.P. Davis, J.J. LaGorga, Earth Tech, Inc., and R. Pitt. Retrofitting Control Facilities for Wet-Weather Flow Treatment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/R-00/020. Washington, D.C. 198 pgs. January 2000.

Pitt, R. “Detention Pond Design for Water Quality Improvement.” National ASCE Hydraulic Conference. San Francisco, California. July 1993.

Pitt, R. “Stormwater control practices in cold climates.” Stormwater Runoff in Vermont: An Educational Workshop. Vermont Water Resources and Lake Studies Center, UVM and the Vermont Law School. Burlington, VT, Jan. 2002.

Pitt, R. and J. Voorhees. “The Stormwater Quality Detention Pond Model (DETPOND).” 26th Annual Water Resources Conference. University of Minnesota. October 1993.

Engineering Professional Development Courses and Workshops Taught

In addition to the publications listed above, WinSLAMM and WinDETPOND have been used at numerous training workshops presented by Bob Pitt throughout the US and abroad. These workshops have been sponsored by numerous agencies, including the Professional Development program at the University of Wisconsin (continuously since 1990), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the New York State Dept. of Conservation in conjunction with Syracuse University, the University of Alabama at Birmingham professional development program, the Center for Watershed Protection, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, the University of Guelph, the University of Nevada – Las Vegas, and numerous other cities and state government agencies. The following lists the locations and dates of these workshops:

Stormwater Management: Albany, NY, 2000

and Conservation Design Birmingham, AL, 1989 - 1998

Boston, MA, 1993

Chicago, IL, 1992, 1993, 1998

Edison, NJ, 2001, 2003

Essen, Germany, 1994

Fair Hope, AL, 1995, 1997

Fishkill, NY, 2002 - 2004

Guelph, Ontario, 1995

Huntsville, AL, 1999

Las Vegas, NV, 2001, 2003

Madison, WI, 1991 - 2004

Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 1999

Montgomery, AL, 1999, 2000

Portland, OR, 1989, 1992

Portland, ME, 1994